August 2022
There's a new concentration of power looming in the food system: Big Protein.
The bulk of our protein needs comes from animals, but apparently "animals have just been the technology we have used up until now to produce meat ... What consumers value about meat has nothing to do with how it's made. They just live with the fact that it's made from animals." (Impossible Foods CEO).
Now, it seems, we need to learn to live with the fact that the technology we use to produce 'meat' is shifting from the fields to the factories. That is, to mega-facilities which will extract and purify protein from plants such as soya, wheat, and peas [1], or which will brew animal muscle cells in giant vats [2]; or which will grow bacteria in huge bio-fermenters [3]. The missing meat-like qualities, such as taste, micro-nutrients, texture, fat and blood will be produced in supporting factories. Indeed, "A radically reshaped future is rushing towards us" (Fassler).
If all this sounds like a niche market for wealthy, middle-class animal-lovers who don't mind how processed their food is so long as it doesn't make them feel guilty, be assured that there are big players who expect Big Protein to be a big game.
Showing posts with label health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label health. Show all posts
The patent mania of big protein
Herbicide tolerant GM soya is insecticidal too
June 2022
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Glyphosate-tolerant GM crops aren't something that usually bring insecticides to mind. Indeed, historically, US soyabeans were only sporadically challenged by insect pests. Things changed around 2000 with the arrival of the soybean aphid which can only be controlled by foliar spraying. Hot on the heels of this pest invasion came dramatic increases in bean leaf beetle which prompted the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue an emergency exemption for neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments.
Microbes on the chopping block
June 2022
It's being increasingly recognised that the diversity and stability of the microbial community in our gut (our gut microbiome) are closely linked to health [1]. For example, some bugs create important nutrients from our food, while others detoxify undesirable elements in our food: both are necessary for our health.
Let's hope they're right because glyphosate is the most frequently detected pesticide in food. Also, testing has revealed traces of glyphosate and its breakdown produce, AMPA, in the urine of up to 90% of farmers in one US State, up to 95% of the general public (including children) in America, 30% of babies less than one month old in one US State, and up to 50% of people in Europe. These figures suggest there's a constant daily exposure to glyphosate from multiple sources, and that there may no longer be any unexposed population to use as a comparator.
The approval of glyphosate is based on the absence of acute toxic effects plus the assumption that because the herbicide disrupts an enzyme essential to all plants but entirely absent from animals, it can't possibly harm humans.
Researchers have pointed out that the major source of our exposure to glyphosate is residues in food and water, while the primary route of elimination of the herbicide from our bodies is in faeces. This makes our digestive system the part of our body exposed to the highest concentrations of the herbicide. Moreover, although glyphosate isn't directly active in human cells, many of the microbes in our gut depend on the very enzyme which glyphosate targets: these could certainly be harmed.
Broad measurements of, for example, gut microbe sensitivity to glyphosate, or the prevalence of different types of bugs known to be linked to health or disease, don't reveal any obvious problems. However, recent research using up-to-date, more sophisticated, analytical methods is telling a rather different story:
In fact, lack of regulatory independence, care and common-sense may have dug our health into a hole it will be very difficult to climb back out of.
HINT: The sooner regulators can be persuaded (by you) to look for and at the evidence of harm from glyphosate-based herbicides, the sooner we can correct our glyphosate-damaged health.
Background
[1] A TALE OF MICROBES, YOUR GUT AND DISEASE - December 2019
[2] HOW MUCH DISEASE IS ROUNDUP CAUSING? - December 2014
[3] WHAT GLYPHOSATE HAS ACHIEVED IN ARGENTINA - June 2018
SOURCES:
"... reductions in microbial diversity are directly associated with altered functionality of the gut microbiome, and are thought to represent a major instigating factor behind the growing global epidemic of chronic, non-communicable, metabolic disease. Such metabolic disorders include irritable bowel syndrome, type-2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and several types of cancer." (Daisley et al.)Regulators, manufacturers of glyphosate-based herbicides, and suppliers of glyphosate-tolerant GM seed all maintain there are no human health concerns with glyphosate exposure when the products are used as intended. This assurance includes the glyphosate residues in our diet.
Let's hope they're right because glyphosate is the most frequently detected pesticide in food. Also, testing has revealed traces of glyphosate and its breakdown produce, AMPA, in the urine of up to 90% of farmers in one US State, up to 95% of the general public (including children) in America, 30% of babies less than one month old in one US State, and up to 50% of people in Europe. These figures suggest there's a constant daily exposure to glyphosate from multiple sources, and that there may no longer be any unexposed population to use as a comparator.
The approval of glyphosate is based on the absence of acute toxic effects plus the assumption that because the herbicide disrupts an enzyme essential to all plants but entirely absent from animals, it can't possibly harm humans.
Researchers have pointed out that the major source of our exposure to glyphosate is residues in food and water, while the primary route of elimination of the herbicide from our bodies is in faeces. This makes our digestive system the part of our body exposed to the highest concentrations of the herbicide. Moreover, although glyphosate isn't directly active in human cells, many of the microbes in our gut depend on the very enzyme which glyphosate targets: these could certainly be harmed.
Broad measurements of, for example, gut microbe sensitivity to glyphosate, or the prevalence of different types of bugs known to be linked to health or disease, don't reveal any obvious problems. However, recent research using up-to-date, more sophisticated, analytical methods is telling a rather different story:
- A universal finding seems to be that commercial formulations, which have additives to make the glyphosate more toxic to plants, also make glyphosate more toxic to microbes. Because the additives vary between formulations* any research based on a single brand name or on pure glyphosate can't be generalised to any other version of glyphosate-based contaminant in our diet. * In 2010, there were 750 kinds of glyphosate-based herbicide on the market in the US alone. Now, there are probably thousands world-wide
- One study based on chemical glyphosate identified at least four different enzymes which perform the same role in different species of gut microbe but have different sensitivities to the herbicide. It concluded that 54 percent of species of the bugs in the human gut, or up to 25 percent of the total, are negatively affected by glyphosate.
- Rat and human studies of gut microbes have found that, besides the known negative affect on the ability to form essential proteins, it seems glyphosate can be toxic to energy production, and can generate reactive stress chemicals which have been linked to cancer and other diseases.
- Because it blocks a key biochemical pathway, glyphosate causes the accumulation of 'shikimate'. Shikimate can be beneficial in small doses but in high doses has been linked to cancer.
- And, as if all this wasn't enough, it seems glyphosate can imbalance our gut microbes by boosting certain species which are able to use the herbicide as food.
OUR COMMENT
When all's said and done, epidemiological surveys may be the only thing available to tell us what damage glyphosate-based herbicides (and the staple GM crops dependent on their use) are really doing to us. The findings of these so far haven't been too encouraging [2,3].In fact, lack of regulatory independence, care and common-sense may have dug our health into a hole it will be very difficult to climb back out of.
HINT: The sooner regulators can be persuaded (by you) to look for and at the evidence of harm from glyphosate-based herbicides, the sooner we can correct our glyphosate-damaged health.
Background
[1] A TALE OF MICROBES, YOUR GUT AND DISEASE - December 2019
[2] HOW MUCH DISEASE IS ROUNDUP CAUSING? - December 2014
[3] WHAT GLYPHOSATE HAS ACHIEVED IN ARGENTINA - June 2018
SOURCES:
- Carey
Gillam, New glyphosate papers point to "urgency" for more
research on chemical impact to human health, USRTK, 23.11.20
- A.
H. C. van Bruggen, et al., October 2021, Indirect Effects of the
Herbicide Glyphosate on Plant, Animal and Human Health Through its Effects
on Microbial Communities, Frontiers in Environmental Science
- Glyphosate
and Roundup disturb gut microbiome and blood biochemistry at doses that
regulators claim to be safe, GM Watch 27.01.21
- Robin
Mesnage, et al., January 2021, Use of Shotgun Metagenomics and
Metabolomics to Evaluate the Impact of Glyphosate or Roundup MON 52276 on
the Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome of Sprague-Dawley Rats,
Environmental Health Perspectives
- Brendan
A. Daisley, et al., 2021, Deteriorating microbiomes in
agriculture - the unintended effects of pesticides on microbial life,
Microbiome Research Reports
- Lyydia
Leino, et al., 2020, Classification of the glyphosate target
enzyme (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) for assessing
sensitivity of organisms to the herbicide, Journal of Hazardous
Materials
- Patrick Holden, Are glyphosate-based herbicides poisoning us and the environment? Chemicals in Agriculture, 5.02.21
Photo Creative Commons
GM cotton in India
February 2022
Once upon a time in India, farmers grew indigenous ('desi') Asiatic cotton.
Desi cotton was grown in multi-cropping systems which provided back-up crops if one of them failed. It could be planted at a high density to increase yield and had a short season which reduced pest exposure. This traditional cotton had good tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, including bollworm, saline conditions and drought. Today, the crop accounts for less than 3% of the cotton area in India.
Once upon a time in India, farmers grew indigenous ('desi') Asiatic cotton.
Desi cotton was grown in multi-cropping systems which provided back-up crops if one of them failed. It could be planted at a high density to increase yield and had a short season which reduced pest exposure. This traditional cotton had good tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, including bollworm, saline conditions and drought. Today, the crop accounts for less than 3% of the cotton area in India.
Unhealthy healthy soya oil
December 2021
In a curious chain of reductionist science, assumption, generalisation, extrapolation and failure to investigate ambiguous data, the western diet shifted from traditional, saturated animal fats to novel unsaturated vegetable oils in the space of a very few decades. Studies in the 1950s and 1960s linked the saturated fats in a typical American animal-based diet to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This led to a dogma that all saturated fats are unhealthy and so, conversely, all unsaturated fats are healthy. Similarly, this logic extended to whatever is healthy for the heart is healthy for the rest of the body too.
As a result, soyabean oil has moved from having a negligible presence in the diet to constituting more than 60% of the edible vegetable oil which people are now eating instead of animal fats. Key to this shift, were US government subsidies to soya growers which helped soya to become a leading commodity crop. These subsidies later enabled the adoption of GM Roundup Ready soya in American agriculture too.
Soya oil is now ubiquitous in modern processed foods, margarines, salad dressings and snack foods, and is the oil of choice in many restaurants and fast food establishments.
Isoxaflutole - The Next Herbicide Headache?
October 2021
Isoxaflutole is a newcomer in the world of herbicides and is recognised as a probable human carcinogen because it induces liver and thyroid tumours in rodents. This herbicide is potentially toxic to the liver, blood and eyes, and may have negative developmental effects. It's pretty good at drifting, and is persistent and mobile in the environment, possibly accumulating in ground water.
All this may sound like a good reason not to approve isoxaflutole nor the GM crops designed to escalate its use.
Dicamba - Worse Than Glyphosate
October 2021
After all the whitewashing of glyphosate herbicide revealed when its manufacturer, Monsanto, was taken to court by users who now have cancer [1], it should come as no surprise that dicamba herbicide [2] looks like being a re-run of the same story.
The Glyphosate Cancer Lag Phase is over
September 2021
Cancer is, without doubt, one of the most devastating of modern diseases. Treatment is limited and unpleasant, and prevention is difficult because of the biology of cancers.
Cells become cancerous when physical and/or chemical stressors disturb gene function to the point where the normal protective cell repair and rebalancing mechanisms are overwhelmed. The prevention problem arises because there isn't one single cause, but rather a whole raft of contributing factors which combine in complex ways to trigger the disease of the cell. For example, exposure to stressors at a low intensity for a long time may cause cancer just as surely as a high dose of the same stressor for a brief period. A variable lag phase, ranging from months to decades makes identifying the cause of any cancer particularly tough.
All these complications are bad news for people whose food, water, air and environment are laced with potentially carcinogenic agrichemicals. They're even worse news for the people whose job it is to spray the world with these chemicals. However, they're excellent news for agrichemical and biotech companies who don't want any evidence that their top moneyspinners may be guilty of causing cancer.
Glyphosate is damaging our children
September 2021
Glyphosate-based herbicides have become ubiquitous in our food chain and in our environment. Their presence has been boosted, especially, by GM glyphosate-tolerant commodity crops such as soya, maize, sugar-beet, cotton, and oil-seed rape.
How much damage are these herbicides doing to our children? Even before they've been born? And even threatening their very existence?
Epigenetic mayhem courtesy of glyphosate
September 2021
Epigenetics are defined as 'molecular factors and processes around DNA that regulate genome activity, independent of DNA sequence, and are. stable (during cell division)'. They regulate gene activity by turning specific genes on and off.
So far, at least five epigenetic processes have been identified, including chemical groups which attach to DNA or to the RNA expressed by the DNA, besides structural effects on the chromosome. Such processes are reversible, but can also be passed down through many generations.
The epigenome (totality of epigenetics) plays a key role in health and disease. Individuals (animals or plants) are the outcome of the integrated actions of all the epigenetic processes they have inherited or acquired during their life-time.
Known causes of epigenetic changes which are passed on to the next generation in humans include environmental toxins, nutrition, stress and smoking.
So far, at least five epigenetic processes have been identified, including chemical groups which attach to DNA or to the RNA expressed by the DNA, besides structural effects on the chromosome. Such processes are reversible, but can also be passed down through many generations.
The epigenome (totality of epigenetics) plays a key role in health and disease. Individuals (animals or plants) are the outcome of the integrated actions of all the epigenetic processes they have inherited or acquired during their life-time.
Known causes of epigenetic changes which are passed on to the next generation in humans include environmental toxins, nutrition, stress and smoking.
Scientists in the Center for Reproductive Biology in Washington State University have carried out an experiment which suggests that glyphosate herbicide could be a significant contributor to the current escalating incidence of chronic disease. If they're right, it means that we're still near the beginning of that wave of disease which will continue to surge for the next two generations and beyond, unless we do something about it.
Herbicide headache II
March 2020
"...we used to sit next to the neighbours in church on Sunday. We don't even want to be in the same congregation with them anymore" (Ruff). This is what the latest GM soya is doing to the US farming community.
Just as biotech giant, Bayer, is coming to grips with the
glyphosate lawsuits it acquired when it bought Monsanto in 2018 [1], it's
finding itself with another herbicide headache.
The first of several suits against BASF (makers of older
brands of dicamba herbicide) and against Bayer (makers of dicamba-tolerant GM
soya seed and the dicamba formulations to go with them) came to court in
January [2]. Compensation sought is
$20.9 million plus punitive damages.
Glyphosate on the plate
March 2020
Food-related uses of glyphosate-based herbicides in a nutshell:
The vast majority of commercial GM food crops - including maize, soya, canola, sugar-beet and cotton (consumed as cotton-seed oil) - are glyphosate tolerant and therefore sprayed with glyphosate-based herbicides. Applications of the herbicide on these crops have been stepped up year-on-year due to evolving weed resistance.
Besides GM crops, glyphosate-based herbicides are used as a pre-harvest desiccant on wheat, barley, oats (and other grains), sugar cane, lentils, beans, peas, chickpeas, sunflower, mints, potatoes and cantaloupe.
Food-related uses of glyphosate-based herbicides in a nutshell:
The vast majority of commercial GM food crops - including maize, soya, canola, sugar-beet and cotton (consumed as cotton-seed oil) - are glyphosate tolerant and therefore sprayed with glyphosate-based herbicides. Applications of the herbicide on these crops have been stepped up year-on-year due to evolving weed resistance.
Besides GM crops, glyphosate-based herbicides are used as a pre-harvest desiccant on wheat, barley, oats (and other grains), sugar cane, lentils, beans, peas, chickpeas, sunflower, mints, potatoes and cantaloupe.
Unhealthy effects of working with Bt cotton
February 2020
An anthropological field study during the years 2012-2016 surveyed what was going on down on the commercial smallholders' farms in five villages in India [1].
In the face of the limited advantages of growing GM cotton, and some serious disadvantages, plus a global glut of cotton, Bt insecticidal GM cotton still represents over 80% of the crop. The study therefore raised the question of why Indian farmers remain so devoted to biotech cotton? It seems to boil down to fashion and male pride: a GM crop shows you're modern, while an impressive stand is public proof of a good agricultural ability (even if the quality of the produce and the cost of inputs mean reduced profitability).
A small-scale field-based study undertaken in 2018 interestingly complements this earlier survey. In particular, the new study took a gender-specific perspective, aiming to reveal the roles and voices of women farmers. Interviews were carried out in an informal setting to facilitate talk and so hear unhindered stories from a sector of the Indian population not often heard.
An anthropological field study during the years 2012-2016 surveyed what was going on down on the commercial smallholders' farms in five villages in India [1].
In the face of the limited advantages of growing GM cotton, and some serious disadvantages, plus a global glut of cotton, Bt insecticidal GM cotton still represents over 80% of the crop. The study therefore raised the question of why Indian farmers remain so devoted to biotech cotton? It seems to boil down to fashion and male pride: a GM crop shows you're modern, while an impressive stand is public proof of a good agricultural ability (even if the quality of the produce and the cost of inputs mean reduced profitability).
A small-scale field-based study undertaken in 2018 interestingly complements this earlier survey. In particular, the new study took a gender-specific perspective, aiming to reveal the roles and voices of women farmers. Interviews were carried out in an informal setting to facilitate talk and so hear unhindered stories from a sector of the Indian population not often heard.
Glyphosate attack by stealth
February 2020
As pointed out before, there's a huge scope for current GM foods to impact on the microbes inside our gut and, along with that, our health [1].
Besides the novel nature of the foods themselves, there's the glyphosate-based herbicides sprayed on and accumulated by most commercial GM crops. Glyphosate blocks a vital biochemical pathway in green plants, but the pathway is also present in many bacteria. This suggests a very real possibility that the herbicide in GM foods could be devastating our health by stealth.
What is the science telling us about this?
As pointed out before, there's a huge scope for current GM foods to impact on the microbes inside our gut and, along with that, our health [1].
Besides the novel nature of the foods themselves, there's the glyphosate-based herbicides sprayed on and accumulated by most commercial GM crops. Glyphosate blocks a vital biochemical pathway in green plants, but the pathway is also present in many bacteria. This suggests a very real possibility that the herbicide in GM foods could be devastating our health by stealth.
What is the science telling us about this?
Edible GM cottonseed
January 2020
In October 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave the green light for GM cottonseed to be sold as food.
Cottonseed isn't a familiar food item. This is because cotton plants contain 'gossypol', a rather nasty toxin.
In October 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave the green light for GM cottonseed to be sold as food.
Cottonseed isn't a familiar food item. This is because cotton plants contain 'gossypol', a rather nasty toxin.
The plight of the honeybee
January 2020
"New evidence is revealing we are teetering on the edge of an era of massive extinction, propelled in large part by the very pesticides and practices used with genetically engineered crops ... In a groundbreaking new study, researchers estimate that 40 percent of insect species face extinction - and we could be looking down the barrel of total insect population collapse by century's end, primarily as the result of the agricultural pesticides and mega-monocultures of industrial agriculture. Designed specifically for intensive chemical use, genetically engineered crops are key drivers of this impact" (Lappé) .
A huge proportion of our food supply is dependent on insects for pollination. In agricultural settings, one of the most abundant pollinators is the honey bee: in fact, one estimate reckons that one in every three bites of food we eat is from a crop pollinated by honeybees; and according to the United Nations Environment Programme, of the 100 crops that provide 90% of the world's food supply, 71 are pollinated by bees. Across America, commercial beekeepers are suffering astronomical hive losses averaging 40-50% annually, with some as high as 100%. This severely cripples their ability to meet pollination needs. At least one source of the disaster isn't difficult to find: honeybees are one of the non-target organisms impacted by the use of agrichemicals, and the impact is growing.
"New evidence is revealing we are teetering on the edge of an era of massive extinction, propelled in large part by the very pesticides and practices used with genetically engineered crops ... In a groundbreaking new study, researchers estimate that 40 percent of insect species face extinction - and we could be looking down the barrel of total insect population collapse by century's end, primarily as the result of the agricultural pesticides and mega-monocultures of industrial agriculture. Designed specifically for intensive chemical use, genetically engineered crops are key drivers of this impact" (Lappé) .
A huge proportion of our food supply is dependent on insects for pollination. In agricultural settings, one of the most abundant pollinators is the honey bee: in fact, one estimate reckons that one in every three bites of food we eat is from a crop pollinated by honeybees; and according to the United Nations Environment Programme, of the 100 crops that provide 90% of the world's food supply, 71 are pollinated by bees. Across America, commercial beekeepers are suffering astronomical hive losses averaging 40-50% annually, with some as high as 100%. This severely cripples their ability to meet pollination needs. At least one source of the disaster isn't difficult to find: honeybees are one of the non-target organisms impacted by the use of agrichemicals, and the impact is growing.
Magic molecular metaphors
December 2019
The latest blue-eyed boy of genetic engineers is the 'CRISPR' gene editing technique [1].
CRISPR is commonly described as a "molecular scalpel" suggesting an edit made with surgical precision, or as "molecular scissors" suggesting a neat, controlled snip, or even as "shears" (to clean up Nature's mess?).
Sceptics have described CRISPR as "a chainsaw in the hands of a child", a "hand grenade", and "malware" which searches out any chosen sequence in the DNA code and corrupts it.
Magic scissors operated by a sorcerer's apprentice might also be apt.
The latest blue-eyed boy of genetic engineers is the 'CRISPR' gene editing technique [1].
CRISPR is commonly described as a "molecular scalpel" suggesting an edit made with surgical precision, or as "molecular scissors" suggesting a neat, controlled snip, or even as "shears" (to clean up Nature's mess?).
Sceptics have described CRISPR as "a chainsaw in the hands of a child", a "hand grenade", and "malware" which searches out any chosen sequence in the DNA code and corrupts it.
Magic scissors operated by a sorcerer's apprentice might also be apt.
A tale of microbes, your gut and disease
December 2019
Scientists who have escaped the distortions of the reductionist mindset, in which 'life' is a mixture of chemicals dictated by genes, are beginning to recognise that organisms have two genomes*: the 'primary' genome is inside cells and is responsible for cell structure and function; the 'secondary' genome may consist of more genes than the primary one and is contained in the wealth of microbes inside and outside the organism, effectively a dynamic interface between the environment and the individual.
*The genome is the total complement of DNA including genes and other gene-regulating sequences in the individual (US National Library of Medicine)
There's increasing awareness that the quality, proportions and diversity of microbe species in our gut is closely connected to health and disease. Disturbances in our digestive tract flora have been linked to numerous chronic diseases, for example, allergies, autoimmune disorders (such as type 1 diabetes), arthritis, obesity, cardiovascular problems, cancer, learning and memory impairment, anxiety, stress, depression, autism and dementia. Our gut bugs play a leading role in neutralising a huge range of environmental pollutants before they can harm us, and in keeping pathogens at bay.
Scientists who have escaped the distortions of the reductionist mindset, in which 'life' is a mixture of chemicals dictated by genes, are beginning to recognise that organisms have two genomes*: the 'primary' genome is inside cells and is responsible for cell structure and function; the 'secondary' genome may consist of more genes than the primary one and is contained in the wealth of microbes inside and outside the organism, effectively a dynamic interface between the environment and the individual.
*The genome is the total complement of DNA including genes and other gene-regulating sequences in the individual (US National Library of Medicine)
There's increasing awareness that the quality, proportions and diversity of microbe species in our gut is closely connected to health and disease. Disturbances in our digestive tract flora have been linked to numerous chronic diseases, for example, allergies, autoimmune disorders (such as type 1 diabetes), arthritis, obesity, cardiovascular problems, cancer, learning and memory impairment, anxiety, stress, depression, autism and dementia. Our gut bugs play a leading role in neutralising a huge range of environmental pollutants before they can harm us, and in keeping pathogens at bay.
Does Glyphosate cause breast cancer?
December 2019
Does glyphosate herbicide, sprayed on most GM crops and widely present in our bodies, cause cancer?
The answer is YES, but it's not that simple.
Does glyphosate herbicide, sprayed on most GM crops and widely present in our bodies, cause cancer?
The answer is YES, but it's not that simple.
Pesticides in the population
October 2019
In 2017, a study was published indicating yet another possible chronic health effect from eating glyphosate, the herbicide sprayed on, and accumulated by, most GM crops.
The biotech industry has tried to claim that the presence of glyphosate excreted in urine proves the weedkiller is safe because the body is able to clear it out. However, tests on cows (not possible on humans) have shown glyphosate is distributed evenly in their organs and urine, suggesting the herbicide is retained in the body.
In 2017, a study was published indicating yet another possible chronic health effect from eating glyphosate, the herbicide sprayed on, and accumulated by, most GM crops.
The biotech industry has tried to claim that the presence of glyphosate excreted in urine proves the weedkiller is safe because the body is able to clear it out. However, tests on cows (not possible on humans) have shown glyphosate is distributed evenly in their organs and urine, suggesting the herbicide is retained in the body.
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